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Improving your Algorithms & Data Structure Skills | by Daniel Borowski | Tech x Talent | Medium

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Improving your Algorithms & Data Structure Skills

 

Daniel Borowski

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Sep 13, 2017 · 4 min read

 

 

 

 

 

Image from Dynamo Primer.

Some of the resources in this article originally appeared in one of my comments on a reddit post that became quite popular. Here’s the original thread, and my new write-up is below.

Fundamentals

The first thing you’ll need if you want to get better at algorithms and data structures is a solid base. This base can be learned one of several ways, either through a computer science program at university, some coding bootcamps focus a bit on the topics below, or you can learn on your own from books, videos, or online lectures. So you’ll need a basic understanding of the following topics to get started:

Data Structures

Learn about arrays, linked lists, binary trees, hash tables, graphs, stacks, queues, heaps, and other fundamental data structures.

Math & Logic

You’ll need to know some mathematical concepts from several different areas if you want to excel at algorithms. Learn about set theory, finite-state machines, regular expressions, matrix multiplication, bitwise operations, solving linear equations, important combinatorics concepts such as permutations, combinations, pigeonhole principle.

Computer Architecture

Learn how data is represented in a computer, the basics of digital logic design, boolean algebra, computer arithmetic, floating-point representation, cache design. Try and learn a little about C and Assembly programming.

Moving Forward Past the Fundamentals

Once you feel like you have a good understanding of most of the concepts listed above, it’s time to start diving into the algorithms part. Here is a list of resources and things I did to get better at writing and understanding important algorithms.

 

 

 

Pages taken from The Algorithm Design Manual.

Big-O & Runtime

Implement Some Algorithms Yourself

Start off by implementing several important algorithms yourself and learning about their running times. Some examples are:

  • Binary search
  • Euclid’s algorithm
  • Depth and breadth first search
  • Dijkstra’s shortest path
  • Binary tree traversals
  • Insertion sort, Mergesort, Quicksort
  • Min & max heaps
  • More examples and lists.

Algorithm Books

Challenges

Algorithms Explanations & Interview Questions

  • Read as many algorithm explanations and code examples as you can on GeeksforGeeks. Here is an example of a good post on graph algorithms.
  • Look at some interview questions posted on CareerCup and try and understand how other users solved the questions. Like this example.
  • Aside from coding challenge sites, try and solve common coding interview questions you find online such as the ones on this list.

Dynamic Programming

This a very important concept you will need to understand if you want to get better at algorithms, which is the reason I separated this topic from the rest. The description from Wikipedia for it is (bolding is mine):

A method for solving a complex problem by breaking it down into a collection of simpler subproblems, solving each of those subproblems just once, and storing their solutions. The next time the same subproblem occurs, instead of recomputing its solution, one simply looks up the previously computed solution, thereby saving computation time.

I have seen dynamic programming show up in several coding interviews I’ve had. I’ve also seen problems that require a dynamic programming solution on challenge sites like LeetCodeGoogle Code Jam, and several challenges on Google Foo Bar required a DP solution.

I’d recommend to try and solve as many problems on this list as you can. There is also a good tutorial on TopCoder titled: Dynamic Programming — From Novice to Advanced. A lot of DP problems have the same structure and patterns so if you solve 3 DP problems everyday for 2 weeks or so, after a while you’ll be able to spot and solve a DP problem no problem.

Advanced Resources in Algorithms (optional)

I hope you enjoyed this list of resources. Feel free to practice coding on Coderbyte, and comment below with any other resources you think are helpful.

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